The sympathetic nerves of the heart
Stimulation of the sympathetic nerves of the heart causes an acceleration of the heart. This fact was discovered in 1866 by brothers Zion, who called fiber, providing an action accelerators heart.
Gaskell found a turtle, and Pavlov in dogs exist enhancing cardiac sympathetic nerve, stimulation of which increases the strength of cardiac contractions and may again cause the stopped heart. Since enhancing nerve (for experiments I. II. Pavlova) exerts its influence on the bloodless heart, its effect does not depend on increasing the blood supply. Pavlov found it trophic nerve, enhancing the metabolism of the heart muscle. Gaskell also considered that reinforcing the nerve changes the functional properties of the muscle of the heart. Reinforcing the nerve – a nerve “all life-enhancing properties of heart muscle” (Pavlov), t. E. Excitability, contractility and conductivity.
If irritation occurs accelerating nerve disorder contractions of the atria and ventricles: the atria begin to contract more frequently than the ventricles. For example, one ventricular contractions have two atria (rate 1: 2).
Nerve irritation develops returns to the normal ratio of atrial and ventricular contractions (rate 1: 1). Consequently, the sympathetic nerves excited at having a positive chronotropic and positive inotropic effect. In addition, the sympathetic nerves peculiar bathmotropic positive, positive and positive dromotropic tonotropnoe action (increased tone contractions of the heart muscle).
The action of the sympathetic nerve does not begin at irritation and after a significant latent period and continues for some time after stimulation.
There is also a slight tone of sympathetic nerves or their permanent effect on the heart due to the efferent impulses that come from the higher parts of the sympathetic nervous system. When you turn off the sympathetic nerves is slowed down the rhythm of heartbeats.
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