The hemoglobin content
The human erythrocytes contain about 32% of the hemoglobin in whole blood in an average of 13-14% (14 of 100, at the blood) in men – 14, women – 13%. Hemoglobin in 100 cm3 13.6% horse blood, cattle – 11%, pigs – 11.6%.
Hemoglobin – starting material, which is formed from any other organism pigments (pigments of the skin, bile, urine, etc. and 4.1 s.).
Muscular work of moderate severity increases hemoglobin in the blood by 4-10%. Return to normal takes 1-2 hours after use. Malnutrition reduces the hemoglobin content.
Oxygen capacity of hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve
The total amount of hemoglobin in the body characterizes the maximum oxygen storage capacity, ie. E. The ability to absorb oxygen: 1 g of hemoglobin at 0 ° C and a pressure of 101 080 Pa absorbs 1.34 cm3 oxygen. Since human blood contains, on average 600 g of hemoglobin, the complete saturation with oxygen, it can absorb more than 800 cm3 oxygen.
Under normal physiological conditions, the oxygen capacity of the arterial blood in humans is about 20 percent by volume (14 x 1.34).
Almost all of the oxygen carried by the blood to form oxyhemoglobin, and the only factor limiting oxygen uptake, – the ability of hemoglobin to bind oxygen. Therefore, the amount of oxygen absorbed depends on the content of hemoglobin in the blood. The amount of O2 absorbed by the blood plasma, depends on the barometric pressure at 101.080 kPa to 100 cm3 is contained in blood plasma of 0.3 cm3 O2 at 202.160 kPa – 4.3 cm3 O2, and at 303.240 kPa – 6.6 cm3 O2.
The amount of bound hemoglobin oxygen more than 60 times the amount of oxygen that is in the blood in a simple physical solution.
The degree of saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen depends on the partial pressure of oxygen.
Blood oxygen saturation at different oxygen partial pressures shown in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. It is called oxygenation.
Even at small oxygen partial pressure vigorously hemoglobin absorbs oxygen. For example, at a pressure of 1330 Pa O2 hemoglobin oxygenated by 55%, while the oxygen partial pressure in the alveolar air 13 300 – 14 630 Pa hemoglobin oxygenated arterial blood to 96%.
(1 votes, average: 5.00 out of 5)Related posts:
- Hemoglobin Hemoglobin – a protein macromolecular compound belonging to the group chromoproteids. Its density of about 66 000 – 68 000. It is readily soluble in water. Hydrolysis without air splits globin protein (96%) and an iron-containing pigment – gems (4%). The iron content of hemoglobin in the whole human body is equal to about 2.5 […]...
- Gas exchange in the tissues Internal or tissue, breathing is performed as follows. Since tissue tension resulting CO2 metabolism reaches 7980-9310 Pa and venous blood – 6118-6251 Pa CO2 diffuses from the tissue into the venous blood from venous blood and – in alveolar air. The arterial blood pressure 13566-13965 Pa. In the tissues of O2 consumed and, therefore, its […]...
- Intracellular breath Oxidation occurs in the tissues and cells noncellular substance. It consists of: 1) hydrogen or recoil dehydrogenation 2) joining the O2 and 3) transfer claim background or changes valency. Oxidation begins with dehydration, t. E. With the fact that dehydrogenase enzymes activated hydrogen, a part of the oxidizing agents. Then, the oxidation of hydrogen to […]...
- Carbon dioxide in the blood Unlike oxygen, which is associated only with the hemoglobin to carbon dioxide have a specific transporter, it binds to various substances. 1% of blood is carbon dioxide free carbon dioxide, 3% of the physically dissolved in the plasma, about 47 volume percent due to the plasma in the form of carbonates (bicarbonates) in erythrocytes – […]...
- Physiological and physico-chemical properties of blood The density and viscosity of the blood The density of human blood (and pets) is 1,050-1,060, for an average of 1,057 men, women – 1,053. It depends mainly on the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin contained in them, and to a lesser extent – the composition of the liquid portion of the blood; […]...
- Functions of erythrocytes The first main function is to absorb erythrocytes oxygen in the lungs and transfer it into the tissue and capillaries in the absorption of carbon dioxide in the capillaries of tissues and sending it to the lungs. This function is performed by hemoglobin. The implementation of this function is crucial erythrocyte surface, which is due […]...
- Blood pressure Blood moves through the circulatory system due to the pressure difference between aorta and the mouth of the hollow veins. Reducing the differential pressure slows the blood flow and the fall of this difference to zero completely stops blood flow. Also the heart, the magnitude of blood pressure affects the blood vessels and the filling […]...
- Gas exchange in the lung Gas exchange between blood and alveolar air (external respiration) is associated with the structure of the lungs. The number of alveoli in humans approximately 700 million. For pulmonary respiration is important respiratory surface, or the surface of the alveoli, which comes in men to 130 m2, and in women – to 103.5 m2. Respiratory alveolar […]...
- Intracardiac pressure In humans during systole pressure in the atria of 5-8 mm Hg. st., in the left ventricle of 130-150 mm Hg. v., in the right ventricular pressure is less than the left, 2.5-3 times. Horses and cattle during systole pressure in the atria – 10-30 mm Hg. st., in the left ventricle – 180-200 mm […]...
- Features of regulation of pulmonary respiration in aquatic animals The animals are morphological adaptations: a sharp increase in the chest, particularly powerful respiratory muscles, greater mobility of the chest, open up the nostrils (whales, dolphins). Dolphins 3 times the alveoli than in humans. In cetaceans in the small bronchi have muscle zhomy, long retaining the air. Physiological adaptations in aquatic animals following. Firstly, the […]...
- The number, composition and general properties of the blood Blood – opaque adhesive red liquid, salty taste which consists of two parts: the plasma and formed elements – erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. The amount and composition of the blood vary continuously, but differ relative constancy of each species. The amount of blood, the structure and the number of formed elements, the chemical composition of […]...
- Sanguimotion Blood moves in blood vessels due to the energy produced by heartbeats and creating the blood pressure in the aorta. The energy consumed in blood pressure on the movement of blood through the blood vessels and blood circulation in them is done by the physical laws of the movement of fluids in the tubing. Most […]...
- Vessels and circulation In humans, as in all mammals – a closed circulatory system, blood circulates in the body through the vessels. Heart blood flowing through the arteries. The pressure in the arteries is relatively large, and they have a dense three-layer walls. Outer layer – of connective tissue, middle layer – smooth muscle, the inner layer is […]...
- The velocity of blood For the rate of blood flow is the total accumulated value of the cross section of the blood vessel. The smaller total cross-section, the greater the velocity of the fluid. Conversely, the greater the total cross-section, the slower the flow of fluid. From this it follows that the amount of fluid flowing through any cross-section, […]...
- The work of the heart during exercise The frequency and strength of heart muscle contractions during operation increase significantly. Muscular work quickens the pulse lying less than sitting or standing. Maximum blood pressure increased to 200 mmHg. and more. The increase in blood pressure occurs in the first 3-5 minutes of the start of work and then have the strengths of people […]...
- Pernicious anemia Reducing the number of erythrocytes and their hemoglobin content or pernicious anemia, is the result of blood loss, increased destruction of red blood cells, or erythropoiesis disorders and circulation. Pernicious anemia develops when the absence or deficiency of vitamin B12 and if not allocated “intrinsic factor” or a little as a result of diseases of […]...
- The blood circulation in the lungs and the brain The blood vessels of the lung tissue and bronchus blood comes from the systemic circulation and the pulmonary alveoli into the vessels – from the right ventricle, i. e. in a small circle of blood circulation. The surface of the capillaries of the pulmonary circulation of about 70 cm2. All blood passes through the lungs […]...
- The exchange of water and mineral salts Water – the most common substance in our body. Adult human consists of water by about 65%, and the human embryo contains about 90% water. The day the human body loses about 2.0-2.5 liters of water. The same amount he receives in the amount with the drink (1.0 L) and food (1.0 L). Water and […]...
- Changes in the composition of blood In the last century it found that the irritation of the nerves going to the bone marrow, causing an increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood of dogs by 13-15% (SP Botkin, 1883). Irritation of the visual analyzer elongational photoperiod increases the total amount of proteins in the plasma, while increasing […]...
- Physiological solution Called artificial saline solutions containing certain minerals in approximately the same concentration in which they are found in plasma. These solutions are isotonic with the blood have the same osmotic pressure. The physiological significance has not only the total concentration of ions, but the ratio of the concentration of individual ions in solution. NaCl solution […]...
- Heart Rate Measurement The walls of the arteries felt vibrations associated with the rhythmic contractions of the heart. These fluctuations are referred to as pulse. Recording pulse curve fluctuations artery wall is made by a special device – called sphygmography sphygmograms. On sphygmograms distinguish steep climb – anakroticheskoe knee descent – katakroticheskoe knee and downhill dicrotic rise. The […]...
- Blood Blood – the most important part of the internal environment of the body that performs multiple physiological functions. In the digestive tract, it is enriched with the components of food, dissolved in water, and spread them out throughout the body. In the lungs, the blood is enriched with oxygen, which is delivered to all organs […]...
- The phases of cardiac activity Heart rhythmically reduced. Reducing heart is pumping blood from the atria to the ventricles and the ventricles of the blood vessels, but also creates a difference in blood pressure in the arterial and venous system, through which the blood moves. The phase of contraction of the heart is referred to as systole, and relaxation – […]...
- Redistribution of blood in the body The blood in humans and higher animals, distributed among authorities, depending on their activity. Working hard body supplied with blood, the blood supply is reduced to idle. In humans, at 100 grams of tissue prepared blood alone average cm3 / min kidney – 430 heart – 66 Liver – 57, brain – 53. The local […]...
- The erythrocyte sedimentation rate Upon standing blood to which to eliminate clotting added on anticoagulant substance gradually erythrocyte sedimentation. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR or abbreviated) depends on the ratio of albumin and globulin in blood plasma. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is also a linear function of the number of red blood cells. The more red blood cell, the […]...
- Hemogenesis In the adult shaped elements – erythrocytes, granulocytes, or granular leukocytes, and platelets – are formed mainly in the bone marrow of flat bones: sternum, ribs, spine and in the ends (epiphysis) bones. Lymphocytes develop in the lymph nodes and spleen, and also in the thymus, monocytes – in the bone marrow and reticular cells. […]...
- Reticuloendothelial system Leukocyte function but also has a special system of cells scattered throughout the body – the reticuloendothelial system. It is a system of reticular and endothelial cells, as well as their related connective tissue cells (histiocytes), which is at least one organ that performs the function of absorbing and processing a variety of colloidal and […]...
- The movement of lymph The average weight of a human body with 60 kg has about 40 dm3 of water that is 25 dm3 in the intercellular and interstitial spaces. At night in the adult through the left thoracic duct alone and on an empty stomach lymph flows 1200-1500 cm3. Lymph – a colorless liquid, alkaline, containing 3-4% of […]...
- The movement of blood through the vessels Blood flow through the vessels is determined by two factors: the difference in blood pressure in the arteries and veins, which is supported by contractions of the heart, and the resistance of the walls of the vascular bed to blood flow. Blood flow rate is inversely proportional to the cross sectional area of blood vessels. […]...
- Digestion in the stomach The food from the mouth to the stomach, which is subjected to further chemical or mechanical processing. Children 10-12 years gastric capacity comes up to 1500 cm3, adults – to 3 dm3. People who consume a lot of liquids, the capacity of the stomach even more, and in some cases can reach up to 5-10 […]...
- Vagus nerve heart Stimulation of the vagus nerves causes inhibition of contractions of the heart until it stops in diastole (the brothers Weber, 1845). In the history of the physiology of this fact was the first case of the retarding effect on the body to the stimulation of the nerve. Slow heartbeat during stimulation of the vagus nerves […]...
- Nervously humoral regulation of the heart Nervously humoral regulation of the heart plays a subordinate role, as changes in metabolism caused by the nervous system. Shifts of various substances in the blood, in turn, influence the regulation of reflex cardiovascular system. At the heart is affected by changes in potassium and calcium in the blood. The increase in the potassium content […]...
- Saliva, its composition and digestive action Saliva – a colorless, slightly opalescent, foaming is easily stretching into threads liquid odorless and tasteless, alkaline. The alkalinity it varies from person to person and from one and the same person during the day (pH 5,25-7,54). Saliva may be acidic, especially after meals. Reaction saliva and composition differ from the animals of human saliva. […]...
- Electrocardiogram In the propagation of excitation from the node automaticity of the myocardium of the heart and reducing the electric potentials of individual muscle fibers are added together and the total potential is so great, that may be registered, even on the surface of the human body. Since the human heart has four chambers that are […]...
- Regulation of salivation Irritation of the mouth or reject food substances, as well as irritation of the nasal cavity is unconditional, salivation innate reflexes. Afferent impulses are transmitted to the central nervous system receptors of the oral cavity by lingual (branch of the trigeminal) and glossopharyngeal nerves of receptors shed – by the upper pharyngeal branch of the […]...
- Complete and defective proteins Proteins entering the body with food, divided into biologically valuable and biologically inferior. Biologically valuable proteins are those in which sufficient contain all amino acids necessary for protein synthesis animal body. The full composition of proteins necessary for the growth of an organism, comprises the following essential amino acids: lysine, tryptophan, threonine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, […]...
- The method of Pavlov Prior studies by Pavlov for the study of the digestive system was used, as a rule, the method of critical experiments carried out under general anesthesia, or when you turn off the cerebral hemispheres. In these experiments, in the ducts of the glands of the cannula is inserted, but which follows the juice during stimulation […]...
- The salivary glands and their functions All oral cancer in my position are divided into two groups: 1) the small salivary glands mucosa or submucosal layer – labial, palatine, buccal, dental, lingual, 2) major salivary glands – the parotid, submandibular and sublingual. The salivary gland is not only involved in digestion, but at a distance from the body of the residual […]...
- Regulation of cardiac activity During the life of a person repeatedly as the alternate periods of high physical and emotional stress, and periods of relative calm. Therefore, the parameters of the heart must vary greatly depending on the load on the body. Regulation of cardiac activity in two ways: neural and humoral. The nervous regulation of the heart made […]...
- Brief description of the composition, structure and ecological role of fats Fats – organic compounds are esters formed by residues of higher fatty acids and certain alcohols, eg glycerol. Lipids – fat-like substances; this group includes and various fats. Among the fat of great practical and ecological importance glycerides. Glycerides – esters are the reaction product of a trihydric alcohol – glycerol and higher fatty acids. […]...