Saliva, its composition and digestive action
Saliva – a colorless, slightly opalescent, foaming is easily stretching into threads liquid odorless and tasteless, alkaline. The alkalinity it varies from person to person and from one and the same person during the day (pH 5,25-7,54). Saliva may be acidic, especially after meals.
Reaction saliva and composition differ from the animals of human saliva.
The density of human saliva ranges from 1,002 to 1,017.
As part of the water from the saliva of 98.5 to 99.5% of solids and from 0.5 to 1.5%, of which about 2/3 – organic substances and about 1/3 – mineral salts.
Saliva contains: a) Inorganic compounds – chlorides, phosphates, sulfates traces bicarbonates of sodium, potassium and calcium nitrate, ammonia, and in human saliva, furthermore, compounds sulfotsianovoy acid – thiocyanates; b) organic compounds – mucin, globulin, as well as amino acids, creatinine, uric acid, and urea.
The saliva contains a substance of enzyme – lysozyme, microbes quickly dissolves in small amounts proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes as well as oxidase and neroksidazy. Saliva has a large number of gases: O2, N and in particular CO2.
Saliva as the first liquid, there are all supplied to the alimentary canal, wets the dry substance dissolves and lubricates soluble solids, making them easier to slip into the gastric cavity in swallowing. It neutralizes the harmful fluids and their concentration dilutes and washes out harmful substances adhering to the oral mucosa.
The human saliva contains ptyalin amylolytic enzyme hydrolyzing cooked starch, dextrin which through a series of cleaved to maltose into glucose by the action of the enzyme maltase. Pytalin acts in an alkaline, neutral and slightly acidic medium. The most favorable for his actions pH 6.7. The acidic gastric juice tormozbt action of the enzyme, but does not destroy it. On the raw starch ptyalin acts very weak and very slow. With 20 years of contents ptyalin in the saliva of people decreases.
Since the composition of the saliva contains alkali, their isolation from blood in slyunoobrazovanii contributes to the preservation of the relative constancy of the reaction of blood. Alkali contained in the saliva, reduce excessive acidity of gastric juice.
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