Pernicious anemia

Reducing the number of erythrocytes and their hemoglobin content or pernicious anemia, is the result of blood loss, increased destruction of red blood cells, or erythropoiesis disorders and circulation. Pernicious anemia develops when the absence or deficiency of vitamin B12 and if not allocated “intrinsic factor” or a little as a result of diseases of the gastric mucosa. In the absence of vitamin B12 biermerin not extracted from the food, and it is not absorbed that violates hematopoiesis. Absorption of vitamin B12 disturbed by the appearance of worms in the intestine. Lack of vitamin B12 is noted and an increase in its consumption in pregnant women, as well as violations of assimilation of protein foods as a result of liver damage.

Severe anemia occurs after exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation as a result of the termination of the formation of red blood cells and white blood cells, as well as strengthening their destruction and loss of blood resulting from haemorrhage through the capillaries.

Haemolysis – the destruction of red blood cells. The ability to resist the effects of red blood cells, causing hemolysis, referred to as their resistance (resistance).

Sheath erythrocytes impervious to most neutral salts, as well as glucose and cane sugar. Therefore it is possible to prepare isotonic solutions of sodium chloride and other soluble salts, as well as glucose and cane sugar. In these solutions are not destroyed erythrocytes.

The hypotonic solutions in which the osmotic pressure is lower than in plasma, the water enters the interior of erythrocytes, whereby they swell. The hypotonic solutions of low concentration (below 0.44% solution of NaCl) swollen erythrocytes burst. When complete hemolysis obtained laky blood (hemoglobin solution in water).

The hypertonic solutions in which the osmotic pressure is significantly higher than in plasma water exits the erythrocytes, so that they shrivel and then destroyed.
Consequently, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions is the destruction of red blood cells is accompanied by a transition of hemoglobin into solution.

Erythrocyte osmotic resistance is measured by their ability to resist degradation by lowering the osmotic pressure of the solution. Different animals osmotic resistance of red blood cells varies.

Hemolysis is caused by chloroform, ether, alcohol, bile-acid salts and other substances dissolving the lipid membrane of red blood cells, alternate freezing and thawing of blood, adding to its acids or bases, the influence of radiant energy (ultraviolet light, ionizing radiation, X rays, radium emanation) .

Substances of vegetable or animal origin, causing hemolysis, called hemolysin. It relates to plant hemolysin saponin which operates at very low concentrations. Hemolysis occurs when exposed to blood poisons (toxins) that produce germs, worms or contained in the secretions and blood of some animals (poison snakes, scorpions, bees, spiders, etc.).

In much smaller quantities hemolysins contained and serum of mammals. Only serum few animals without administration of human erythrocytes in the blood of these animals are not capable hemolyze human red blood cells (horse serum, a donkey, goats and sheep). Most animal sera hemolyzed erythrocytes another species. In related species hemolysis occurs.
Under physiological conditions, hemolysis occurs constantly.

Through hemolysis delete old corpuscles: erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. Absorbers are also found (inhibitors) hemolysis.
In humans and higher animals the basic hemolysis occurs and the spleen and liver. Particularly large role in hemolysis belongs spleen.


1 Star2 Stars3 Stars4 Stars5 Stars (1 votes, average: 5.00 out of 5)

Pernicious anemia