Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin – a protein macromolecular compound belonging to the group chromoproteids. Its density of about 66 000 – 68 000. It is readily soluble in water. Hydrolysis without air splits globin protein (96%) and an iron-containing pigment – gems (4%). The iron content of hemoglobin in the whole human body is equal to about 2.5 grams.
Gem in conjunction with nitrogenous bodies gives colored solutions – gemohromogeny. Gemohromogen – Connect thread with denatured protein. Hemoglobin – the connection with the theme iativnym, unmodified protein.
As part of one molecule of hemoglobin globin coupled with four heme molecules.

Studying the chemistry of hemoglobin carried MV Nentsky 1884

Hemoglobin adult is very different from a newborn and fetal hemoglobin. Hemoglobin embryo is able to more saturated with oxygen and forming with it a stronger connection than adult hemoglobin. Most newborn hemoglobin ability to absorb oxygen is important for the growth of the organism.

The red blood cells are found, the following compounds.
Recycled (reduced) hemoglobin (Hb). It has the ability to easily connect with the gases oxygen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide.

As part of the heme in hemoglobin – ferrous (nitrous oxide). It is easily soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. The solution was cherry-red color characteristic of the venous blood.

Oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) – fragile, easily dissociating compound hemoglobin with oxygen. When the oxygen release is again converted into hemoglobin.
Oxygen is attached to the iron theme. In this reaction, the iron is bivalent (nitrous oxide). The amount of oxygen absorbed depends mainly on the oxygen concentration in the gas mixture, from its tension or partial pressure, as well as the temperature and reaction medium.

Easily soluble in water. The solution was scarlet red color, characteristic of arterial blood. The more fully saturated with oxygen, hemoglobin, the lighter the color of blood. Hemoglobin crystallizes much easier. Crystals of oxyhemoglobin obtained from the blood of different species of unequal shape.

Carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) formed by intoxication, carbon monoxide poisoning. It is a strong, malodissotsiiruyuschee compound hemoglobin with carbon monoxide – carbon monoxide.
Carboxyhemoglobin as hemoglobin, includes those divalent iron. The ability of carbon monoxide bind with hemoglobin is 250 times greater than that of oxygen.

When the concentration of 16% oxygen and 0.1% CO in the breathing air of 80% of the hemoglobin is converted into NbSO, and when the content of 1% CO – 95% hemoglobin. If the blood of 70% NSO, normal breathing impossible, and death occurs. Severe poisoning happens when the content in the inhaled air of 0.04% CO. For displacement of CO NSO must breathe pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air.

Dissociation occurs in NSO 3600 times slower than the dissociation of NO2. The compound of hemoglobin (Hb) with nitric oxide (NO) more stable. The spectrum of carboxyhemoglobin is not very different from the spectrum of oxyhemoglobin.
Methemoglobin (Nyo) obtained by Berthollet salt poisoning, amyl nitrite, and other substances. It is also formed when internal bleeding. As part of methemoglobin contained oxidized ferric iron.

Methemoglobin is a strong bond of hemoglobin with oxygen and therefore his appearance quickly lead to death by suffocation. If a small amount of methemoglobin body not perish, methemoglobin gradually restored and converted into hemoglobin.


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Hemoglobin