Complete and defective proteins
Proteins entering the body with food, divided into biologically valuable and biologically inferior.
Biologically valuable proteins are those in which sufficient contain all amino acids necessary for protein synthesis animal body. The full composition of proteins necessary for the growth of an organism, comprises the following essential amino acids: lysine, tryptophan, threonine, leucine, isoleucine, histidine, arginine, valine, methionine, phenylalanine. Of these amino acids may form other amino acids, hormones and the like. G. Formed from phenylalanine tyrosine, by conversion of the tyrosine – hormones adrenaline and thyroxine from histidine – histamine. Methionine is involved in the formation of thyroid hormones necessary for the formation of choline, cysteine and glutathione. It is needed for the oxidation-reduction processes, nitrogen metabolism, absorption of fats, the normal activity of the brain. Lysine is involved in the blood, it promotes the growth of the organism. Tryptophan is also essential for the growth, involved in the formation of serotonin, vitamin PP in tissue synthesis. Lysine, cysteine and valine excite the heart. Small amount of cystine in the diet retards hair growth, increases blood sugar.
Biological defective proteins are those that do not have even if one amino acid that can not be synthesized by animal organisms.
The biological value of protein measured by the amount of protein the body, which is formed of 100 g of protein food.
Animal proteins found in meat, eggs and milk, the most polonennye (70-95%). Proteins of vegetable origin have lower biological value, for example proteins of rye bread, corn (60%), potatoes, yeast (67%).
Animal protein – gelatin in which there are tryptophan and tyrosine is defective. The wheat and barley little lysine in maize little lysine and tryptophan.
Some amino acids are replaced with each other, for example tyrosine replaces phenylalanine.
Two defective protein that lacks the amino acids razlchnyh together can make a complete protein food.
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