Carbon dioxide in the blood
Unlike oxygen, which is associated only with the hemoglobin to carbon dioxide have a specific transporter, it binds to various substances.
1% of blood is carbon dioxide free carbon dioxide, 3% of the physically dissolved in the plasma, about 47 volume percent due to the plasma in the form of carbonates (bicarbonates) in erythrocytes – a compound with hemoglobin and bicarbonates and a certain amount of carbon dioxide associated alkaline proteins.
Carbon dioxide, in contrast to the oxygen can be absorbed by the blood almost indefinitely, as I have blood bases (alkali radicals) for the binding and its conversion into neutral salts (for details see “Acids, bases and alkalis”). The binding of carbon dioxide plays a major role blood proteins.
More Sechenov found that hemoglobin is not just indirectly, but also directly involved in the transport of carbon dioxide. The fragile tissue formed compound hemoglobin with carbon dioxide, which binds to the amino group of the protein (karbaminnoe connection) – karbogemoglobin (HbCO2).
In the presence of oxyhemoglobin karbogemoglobin splits hemoglobin and carbon dioxide. Thus, in the lungs is released 15-20% of carbon dioxide.
Daylight oxyhemoglobin in hemoglobin in the tissue promotes the absorption of carbon dioxide in blood, and the passage of hemoglobin into oxyhemoglobin t – separation of carbon dioxide from the blood into the lung cavity.
However, the reaction H2CO3 → H2O + CO2 is very slow. It is estimated that the blood pH and body temperature, would not stand out more than 2% carbon dioxide. It was found that in the presence of erythrocytes cleavage reaction of carbon dioxide in the lungs is about 150 times accelerated enzyme called carbonic anhydrase or carbonic anhydrase.
It was found that a substance extracted from the washed red blood cells, found 2,000 times higher catalytic activity than that of whole blood. Therefore, the catalysis is carried out inside the erythrocytes.
Through ion exchange carbonic anhydrase, from the comfort of erythrocytes, plasma bicarbonate can decompose.
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